Cattaratto

Step away from the usual and try wines made from indigenous grapes… wine grapes that are unique to their specific region of origin, and are becoming the hottest thing on every wine geek’s to-taste list

Sitting among a group of my wine friends in the fertile Dealu Mare region near Romania’s Carpathian mountains last October, I took an instant shine to some little-known native wine grapes whose name I was just learning to pronounce. The first encounter with these was at the tasting room of the Domeniile Săhăteni winery headlined by Romania’s top female vintner Aurelia Visinescu. The black grape was Fetească Neagră. That day, Visinescu generously opened her cellar for us to acquaint ourselves with her wines – and here’s where we encountered her Fetească Neagră called Anima ‘3 Fete Negre’, consisting of 3 vintages of the grape (ripe black fruit and spice, good acidity and tannins.) The next day, we travelled to Drăgășani , another wine region that housed the historic winery of Prince Stirbey. On the terrace, as maverick winemaker Oliver Bauer talked winemaking, we sipped on a delicious Stirbey sparkling rosé he had made from the indigenous Novac grape.

Over the next three days, we tasted many other grapes, several of whose names I am still struggling to pronounce, despite acquiring a decent mark on my Romania research paper several weeks ago. Besides the Feteascăs (Neagră, Albă, Regeală), they also include Crâmpoșie Selecționată, Tamâioasa Românească, and Busuioaca de Bohotin – this last one the ultimate tongue twister we gave up trying to pronounce, simply calling it the ‘BB grape’ – among many others. Romania’s location (the same latitude as Bordeaux, 45 degree N), climate, and topography are ideally suited for viticulture, so it grows a large variety of native and international varieties. To me, their native grapes are the standout.

The sparkling rosé of Romania’s Prince Stirbey winery. In the background, winemaker Oliver Bauer

The trip set me thinking about indigenous grapes and how under-explored they are by wine drinkers in general. For instance, have you tried Switzerland’s Chasselas or Gamaret? You might think you know your French grapes, but have you tried a dry version of Petit Manseng? The white grape makes exquisite sweet wines in Jurançon (I tried a beauty from Domaine Cauhapé at a tasting in Bordeaux last year) and now is being used to produce dry wines as well, as reported in an earlier guest blog post by Brinda Bourhis on Château Cabidos in IGP Comté Tolosan. Or Georgia’s Saperavi? Unless you are a wine nerd or passionate enthusiast, it is unlikely you might have tasted the entire spectrum of grapes grown in every wine region of the world.

Why do native grapes thrive in their homelands?

Science will tell you that soils and climate, along with aspect and topography have much to do with the way the grapes grow and the wines they make. Indigenous grapes have grown in their home regions for hundreds of years or more and have adapted well to the terroir. The wines they make go beautifully with the local food (ever had a Chianti or Brunello with pici aglione or a succulent bistecca? You will know what I mean.)

It is impossible to touch upon every grape grown. So here is a brief attempt to acquaint you with some fantastic indigenous grapes that are making their presence felt (at last!) on the world stage. And some of my own favourites.

Spain

Okay, we all know Tempranillo, the grape behind DOCa Rioja’s structured, ageworthy wines, and what a star it is. But have you tried a wine made from Godello (called Gouveio in Portugal)? The white grape Godello is from the north-west Spanish region of Galicia, and makes wines with good acidity and mineral notes. Mencia (Jaen in Portugal) is grown in Castilla y Leon and Galicia and has reached near-cult status thanks to Bierzo’s Descendientes de J. Palacios (100% Mencia wines) of Rioja’s famous Palacios family. The champion of Spanish grapes, the redoubtable Sarah Jane Evans MW was responsible for my taking a second look at these grapes during a recent masterclass in London.

In Catalunya, Miguel A Torres and Familia Torres, known for their foresight and commitment to sustainability, have been working quietly to revive some very obscure native grapes retrieved from the dusty annals of history. As the story goes, Torres ran classified ads in the local newspapers to find farmers might still be growing lost grape varieties. Time and patient research found them pre-phylloxera vines of the aromatic ancient grape Forcada. Another discovery, Querol has now found expression in their Grans Muralles wine. Native grapes now form a big part of their work, called the Ancestral Varieties Project.

Portugal

For the casual drinker, Portugal can be both confusing with its extraordinarily wide range of native grapes (250+ commercially planted). While Touriga Nacional (and indeed Touriga Franca, Tinta Cão and Tinta Roriz/Aragonez aka Tempranillo in Spain, has found widespread recognition thanks to the Port industry) there are many more worthy of exploration. Touriga Nacional makes astoundingly rich and delicious unfortified red wines, and many port houses are now also making still wines from the grape. Do also try and track down wines made of Encruzado (the white star grape from the Dão, floral with rich minerality) and the Portuguese Alvarinho (Albariño across the border in Spain) from Vinho Verde’s Monçao or Melgaço is a deliciously fragrant, high acid delight. There are many, many more (Fernão Pires aka Maria Gomes, Antão Vaz are grapes, not people!) but I will let you discover them for yourself. If all this variety is not enough, Portugal arguably offers the best, most amazing price-quality ratio for all its wines.